Introduction

Overview of the
Humber River

Global and Continental Glaciation

Land Form Development in North America

Geological History
of the Great Lakes

Development of the
Oak Ridges Moraine

Geology of the
Humber River Watershed

Ecology

Early Inhabitants

Maps of the
Humber River Watershed

Photo Gallery - Humber River Watershed

Overview of Geological Origins of the Humber River

Part III

Stratigraphic framework - Southern Ontario and Oak Ridges Moraine Area (As below and oldest unit first):

1. Canadian Shield (Pre Cambrian period - older than 550 million years)

2. Paleozoic Bedrock (550 to 350 million years BP)
Simcoe Group Limestone
Georgian Bay Shale/Blue Mountain Shale
Queenston Shale
Cataract and Clinton Group Sandstones and Shales
Amabel/Lockport Dolostone

3. Regional Unconformity ?The Big Gap? (350 million to 135,000 years BP)

4. Pleistocene Sediments (135,000 to 10,000 years BP)
York Till (or equivalent)
Don Formation (or equivalent)
Scarborough Formation (or equivalent)
Sunnybrook Drift (or equivalent)
Thorncliffe Formation (or equivalent)
Newmarket Till (also referred to as the Northern Till) Regional unconformity (channel infill deposits) (after about 20,000 years BP)
Oak Ridges Moraine (about 13,300 years BP)
Halton/Kettleby Till (or equivalents, including Wentworth Till)
Glaciolacustrine Deposits (sand, silt and clay) (about 12,500 years BP)

5. Recent fluvial deposits - Halocene Period (sands, silts, and clay along streams)